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Constituent Images Sourced from DrugBank

Drug name

Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine

Developer(s)

ViiV Healthcare(Vocabria) / Janssen-Cilag Ltd (Rekambys)

export_notes

Drug information

Drug's link(s)
Generic name

Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine

Brand names

Cabenuva (Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine co-packaged medication) and Vocabria (Cabotegravir) co-administered with Rekambys (Rilpivirine).

Compound type

Small molecule

Summary

Long-acting injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine (CAB/RPV-LA) is a complete treatment regimen for HIV-1 infection consisting of two components: (1) Cabotegravir a HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor developed by ViiV Healthcare and (2) Rilpivirine a second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor manufactured by Janssen. CAB/RPV-LA is designated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed (<50 copies/mL HIV-1 RNA) adults and adolescents aged twelve and over who weigh at least 77 pounds (35 kilograms) receiving a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure or resistance to either rilpivirine and/or cabotegravir.

Approval status

Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine extended-release injectable suspensions co-packaged as CABENUVA is approved by the USFDA, Health Canada, Australia, UAE and UK. Individually packaged extended-release Cabotegravir (VOCABRIA) and extended-release Rilpivirine (REKAMBYS) are approved in the Argentina, European Union, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, UAE, and UK for co-administration in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. CAB- RPV LA injectables are awaiting approval in countries such as Colombia, Mexico and Thailand.

Regulatory authorities

CAB and RPV combination has received supplemental NDA approval with an Extended Label from the USFDA, inclusion in the Black Triangle Symbol Scheme by TGA Australia, and European Marketing Authorization by the EMA. This combination is specifically indicated for virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1 infection (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per millilitre [c/ml]), weighing at least 35 kg. Eligible patients must have previously maintained stability on a treatment regimen without experiencing treatment failure or showing signs of resistance to Rilpivirine/Cabotegravir.

Therapeutic area(s)

  • HIV
Use case(s)
  • Treatment

Administration route

Oral, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular

Associated long-acting platforms

Aqueous drug particle suspension

Use of drug

Ease of administration
  • Administered by a nurse
  • Administered by a specialty health worker
  • Self-administered
User acceptance

Not provided

Dosage

Available dose and strength

Not provided

Frequency of administration

Not provided

Maximum dose

Not provided

Recommended dosing regimen

Not provided

Additional comments

Not provided

Dosage link(s)

Not provided

Formulations

Compare
Main compound
Cabotegravir (CAB)
Related formulations

Cabotegravir Stearate (M2CAB)
Cabotegravir Ultra Long-Acting (CAB-ULA)
Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine

Associated technologies

Not provided

Comment & Information

Not provided

Developer(s)

ViiV Healthcare
Originator
United Kingdom

ViiV Healthcare is a pharmaceutical company that specializes in the development of therapies for HIV infection. The company is headquartered in Brentford in the United Kingdom and was initially formed in November 2009 as a part of a joint venture between GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer.

Janssen Pharmaceuticals
Originator
Belgium

Janssen Pharmaceuticals is a subsidiary company of Johnson & Johnson headquartered in Beerse, Belgium. They manufacture and develop pharmaceutical products for use in areas such as, Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, Pulmonary Hypertension, Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Oncology, and Neuroscience.

ViiV Healthcare(Vocabria) / Janssen-Cilag Ltd (Rekambys)
Originator

Drug structure

Cabotegravir Chemical Structure

Cabotegravir Chemical Structure

Sourced from DrugBank

Rilpivirine Chemical Structure

Rilpivirine Chemical Structure

Sourced from DrugBank

CAB/RPV Chemical Structures

CAB/RPV Chemical Structures

Constituent Images Sourced from DrugBank

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Scale-up and manufacturing prospects

Scale-up prospects

Compounds are commercially manufactured.

Tentative equipment list for manufacturing

Conventional wet-bead milling apparatus (e.g. Netzsch ball mill), depyrogenated glass vials, high pressure homogenizer.

Manufacturing

Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine are formulated into a wet-mill suspension of approximately 200mg/ml and 300mg/ml respectively, due to their low aqueous solubility. This formulation results in the creation of nanocrystal drug particles which are amenable for intramuscular gluteal depot injection. The manufacturing process for RPV is considered to be non-standard due to the inclusion of an aseptic processing step. RPV is light-sensitive, and exposure to light can induce conversion into a Z-isomer form which can affect pharmacokinetic data and activity.

Specific analytical instrument required for characterization of formulation

PANalytical X’Pert PRO diffractometer equipped with a theta/theta coupled goniometer (or equivalent x-ray powder diffractor), Mettler TGA/DSC 1 instrument for thermal analysis, Laser diffractor (determine particle size), FT-IR UHPLC (chemical identification), UHPLC (chromatographic purity), paddle apparatus & UPLC/UV (determine in-vitro drug release for QC / dissolution testing).

Excipients

Proprietary excipients used

No proprietary excipient used

Novel excipients or existing excipients at a concentration above Inactive Ingredient Database (IID) for the specified route of administration

The novel excipient poloxamer 338 (P338) is used in the final G001 Rilpivirine clinical formulation. Following both an in-vitro mammalian chromosome aberration and an Ames test, it was considered to be non-genotoxic with no evidence for mutagenicity. Further P338 fertility, genotoxicity and development studies have been conducted with no negative effects, in addition to a 6-week and 9- month minipig repeat-dose toxicity study. No adverse local or systemic toxicity was reported in the minipigs at 100mg/month (Margin of Exposure:19).

Residual solvents used

No residual solvent used

Delivery device(s)

No delivery device

Compound patent families

Patent description Representative patent Categories Patent holder Abstract Patent status Licence with MPP Licence details Patent source
Cabotegravir long-acting parenteral compositions
Expiry date: 15 Sep 2031 		WO2012037320 Composition Glaxosmithkline Llc; Mundhra, Deepak B; Pan, Rennan; Viiv Healthcare Company MPP Search
Cabotegravir processes and intermediates
Expiry date: 22 Mar 2031 		WO2011119566 Intermediate(s); Process Glaxosmithkline Llc; Goodman, Steven N; Kowalski, Matthew; Mans, Douglas; Wang, Huan MPP search
Cabotegravir in combination with RPV
Expiry date: 24 Jan 2031 		CA3060290 Combination Viiv Healthcare Company MPP licence
Aqueous suspensions of rilpivirine micro- or nanoparticles
Expiry date: 22 Jun 2027 		WO2007147882 Composition Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd Health Canada
Rilpivine parenteral formulation
Expiry date: 19 Jan 2027 		WO2007082922 Dose/Regimen; Use Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd Health Canada
Dolutegravir and Cabotegravir compounds
Expiry date: 28 Apr 2026 		WO2006116764 Compound Glaxosmithkline Llc US FDA, Health Canada
Rilpivirine compound and analogues and their use in HIV
Expiry date: 9 Aug 2022 		WO03016306 Compound Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V Health Canada, US FDA
Rilpivirine compound and analogues (Markush structure)
Expiry date: 26 Feb 2021 		WO0164656 Compound Astrazeneca Ab; Astrazeneca Uk Limited Health Canada, US FDA

Publications

Bares SH, Scarsi KK. A new paradigm for antiretroviral delivery: long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine for the treatment and prevention of HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2022 Jan 1;17(1):22-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000708. PMID: 34871188; PMCID: PMC8694245.

Purpose of review

Cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) is the first long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) option approved for virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1. In addition, long-acting CAB is a promising agent for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This review focuses on phase 3 clinical trial results and implementation considerations for these long-acting ART and PrEP strategies.

Recent findings


Long-acting CAB and RPV administered every 4 weeks demonstrated noninferiority to oral ART through week 96 in both the ATLAS and FLAIR studies, whereas ATLAS-2M found similar efficacy through 96 weeks when the long-acting injectable ART was administered every 8 weeks instead of every 4 weeks. For prevention, two phase 3 trials were stopped early due to fewer incident HIV infections in participants receiving long-acting CAB every 8 weeks compared with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate–emtricitabine for PrEP. The long-acting therapies were well tolerated across all clinical trials.


Summary

Clinical trial results support the use of long-acting CAB for HIV PrEP and long-acting CAB and RPV as a switch strategy for adults with HIV-1 who are first virologically suppressed with oral ART. Implementation challenges persist, and data are urgently needed in populations who may benefit most from long-acting therapy, including adolescents, pregnant individuals, and those with barriers to medication adherence.

Additional documents

No documents were uploaded

Useful links

FDA Approves Cabenuva and Vocabria for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
CABENUVA FDA Highlights of Prescribing Information

Collaborate for development

Consider on a case by case basis, collaborating on developing long acting products with potential significant public health impact, especially for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), utilising the referred to long-acting technology

Share technical information for match-making assessment

Provide necessary technical information to a potential partner, under confidentiality agreement, to enable preliminary assessment of whether specific medicines of public health importance in LMICs might be compatible with the referred to long-acting technology to achieve a public health benefit

Work with MPP to expand access in LMICs

In the event that a product using the referred to long-acting technology is successfully developed, the technology IP holder(s) will work with the Medicines Patent Pool towards putting in place the most appropriate strategy for timely and affordable access in low and middle-income countries, including through licensing

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Timeline

No trials available

Percentage of Trial Eligibility per Cohort

Age groups distribution for all clinical trials
No trials available
+
−

Territory by income level

Low Middle & Upper Middle Income
High Income

Territory by approval status

Approved
Submitted
Clinical Hold
Positive Opinion
Rejected
Withdrawn
Other

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